This course surveys the Christian Church from the time of the Crusades (1095) down to today’s latest renewal movements. “The Church reformed must always reform itself” is a central theme. It addresses the Western Church at the height of its power, the crisis that triggered the Reformation and the “great ideas” of Luther and Calvin. It examines the Enlightenment, modern Scientism, and pivotal American experience. Culture, theology, and grass-roots spirituality are seen as constantly interacting in this broad overview.